Dermatologist Debunks Common Sunscreen Myths

As conversations around sunscreen, tanning and UV exposure continue to trend online, dermatologists are growing increasingly concerned about the amount of misinformation spreading across social media. From DIY sunscreen recipes to claims that tanning is “healthy,” many viral posts contradict decades of scientific research on skin cancer prevention and sun safety. Experts warn that relying on unverified online advice can put people at greater risk for long-term skin damage and potentially life-threatening skin cancers.

In an interview with The Educated Patient, Shawn Allen, M.D., a dermatologist practicing in Colorado and spokesperson for The Skin Cancer Foundation, discusses some of the most common misconceptions he sees patients believing today. He explains why sunscreen remains one of the most effective tools for reducing skin cancer risk, why there is no such thing as a “safe tan” and why UV protection matters for people of all skin tones. Allen also shares practical advice for navigating confusing marketing claims and finding trusted, science-backed resources for sun protection.

Social media has become filled with conflicting advice about sunscreen and sun exposure. What are some of the most dangerous or common myths about UV safety that you are seeing patients believe right now?

Shawn Allen, M.D.: One concerning trend I’m seeing is people being encouraged online to intentionally get unprotected UV exposure during peak sunlight hours. Some are even using apps that promote this behavior, despite a lack of strong scientific evidence supporting it. Unregulated sun exposure can be very risky.

Another major concern is the rise of homemade sunscreens. We don’t know how many of those ingredients react when exposed to UV radiation, and more importantly, there’s no reliable way to confirm how much protection they actually provide. That can create a false sense of security.

In general, I always encourage people to be cautious about getting medical advice from individuals who are not board-certified dermatologists or qualified medical professionals.

One popular misconception online is that sunscreen is toxic or more dangerous than sun exposure itself. What does the science actually show about the safety and benefits of sunscreen use?

SA: The science is very clear that UV radiation is responsible for the vast majority of skin cancers. Research shows that regular sunscreen use helps reduce skin cancer risk.

For example, studies have shown that regular use of SPF 15 sunscreen, when used correctly, can reduce the incidence of squamous cell carcinoma by about 40% and lower melanoma risk by approximately 50%.

Some influencers claim that a base tan protects the skin from sun damage. Is there any such thing as a safe tan?

SA: A tan is actually your body’s response to UV damage. When your skin is exposed to ultraviolet radiation, your body produces more melanin in an attempt to protect itself.

So the idea of a “healthy tan” is really a misconception. Tanning is a sign that your skin has already experienced sun damage.

There’s also confusion around mineral versus chemical sunscreens. How can patients cut through the marketing and misinformation?

SA: The word “natural” can be misleading because many substances found in nature are not necessarily safe. When it comes to sunscreen, mineral or physical sunscreens — specifically zinc oxide and titanium dioxide — work by sitting on top of the skin and reflecting or scattering UV rays.

Many people prefer those products because they are less likely to trigger concerns about chemical reactions on the skin.

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) evaluates sunscreen ingredients for safety, and another excellent resource is The Skin Cancer Foundation’s Photobiology Committee, which reviews sun protection products that can earn the organization’s Seal of Recommendation.

Many people believe they don’t need sunscreen if they have darker skin tones or rarely burn. Why is UV protection important for everyone?

SA: People of all skin tones can develop skin cancer, including melanoma. One major issue is that skin cancer is often diagnosed later in patients with darker skin tones because many people incorrectly assume they are not at risk.

Research shows that Black patients are more likely to be diagnosed with melanoma at a later stage compared with White patients, which can negatively impact outcomes. That’s why awareness, routine skin checks and UV protection are important for everyone, regardless of skin tone or ethnicity.

Is there anything else you would like people to know?

SA: I encourage people to use common sense when evaluating health information online and to seek guidance from trusted medical professionals and organizations grounded in science.

If patients have questions about sun protection or skin cancer prevention, resources like The Skin Cancer Foundation can be very helpful. You can also reach out to the Photobiology Committee at PBC@skincancer.org.

This transcript was edited for clarity.