Avoiding Misinformation in Alzheimer’s Care, With Charles Bernick, M.D., M.P.H.

When patients search for information about Alzheimer’s disease or cognitive decline, they often encounter bold claims — especially online. According to Charles Bernick, M.D., M.P.H., staff neurologist with the Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, knowing what not to trust is just as important as understanding credible science. Being able to spot red flags empowers patients to make safer, more informed decisions.

One of the first warning signs, Bernick notes, is when a treatment or supplement hasn’t been tested for a specific disease. Many over-the-counter products promise sharper memory or improved cognition, but without being evaluated for a defined medical condition, there’s little reason to believe they work. He cautions that if it’s not tied to a specific disease or tested in a recognized research program, be skeptical.

Another major red flag is the absence of peer review. High-quality scientific studies undergo rigorous evaluation by independent experts before they’re published in reputable medical journals. While it can be difficult for the public to judge journal quality, Bernick emphasizes that credible findings are almost always reviewed, vetted and disseminated through well-established channels. If a “study” exists only in promotional materials, company websites or unverified online posts, it’s likely too preliminary (or too flawed) to rely on.

Bernick also encourages patients to examine who is promoting the information. If the sponsor of a product or treatment is the same entity pushing the claims, patients should proceed with caution. Financial interest doesn’t automatically mean something is invalid, but transparency matters.

Balancing this skepticism, Bernick highlights what experts do overwhelmingly agree on — the six foundational pillars of brain health. These evidence-supported habits include regular aerobic exercise (ideally 150 minutes weekly), following a Mediterranean-style diet, prioritizing both sleep quality and quantity, engaging in mentally stimulating activities, maintaining strong social connections, and supporting overall physical health, especially cardiovascular risk factors. “You can’t think about your brain in isolation,” he notes. What affects your heart, your gut and your general health affects your brain.

A common misconception he hopes to dispel is the idea that progressive memory loss is simply part of aging. While occasional forgetfulness can be normal, persistent or worsening changes deserve attention. With newer Alzheimer’s treatments proving more effective when started early, recognizing symptoms promptly is essential.

Bernick reminds patients that there are no “magic cures” hidden from the public. If something sounds too good to be true — or appears only in ads and social media — patients should bring it to their physician for guidance. Thoughtful conversations remain one of the most powerful tools in navigating today’s complex health information landscape.