Key Steps to Protect Your Kidneys, with Joseph Vassalotti, M.D.

Joseph Vassalotti, M.D., chief medical officer of the National Kidney Foundation (NKF) and clinical professor of medicine in the Division of Nephrology at Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, emphasizes the importance of identifying kidney disease risk factors early to ensure timely testing and intervention.

In an interview with The Educated Patient, he highlights several key risk factors, including diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, family history, obesity, pregnancy-related complications (such as gestational diabetes and preeclampsia), and autoimmune disorders like lupus. To determine personal risk, Vassalotti recommends taking the online survey available on the NKF’s website.

For individuals at risk, routine kidney function testing is crucial. The primary tests include the urine albumin-creatinine ratio (uACR) and the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). A uACR of 30 milligrams per gram or higher and an eGFR of less than 60 indicate potential kidney disease. As kidney disease often lacks noticeable symptoms in its early stages, regular screening is essential. Some signs, such as fatigue, ankle swelling, foamy urine and blood in urine, can appear in later stages but are not specific to kidney disease alone.

A common misconception is that chronic kidney disease (CKD) inevitably leads to dialysis. Vassalotti reassures that early detection and management can slow disease progression and reduce cardiovascular risks. He advises individuals to work closely with healthcare providers to monitor their kidney health, manage conditions like diabetes and obesity, and adopt preventive measures.

In addition to routine testing, Vassalotti stresses the role of lifestyle factors, such as maintaining a healthy weight, in protecting kidney health. Sticking to a balanced diet, reducing sodium intake, staying physically active and avoiding smoking can help mitigate risks.

Even if initial test results are normal, annual monitoring is recommended for those with risk factors. Ultimately, raising awareness and taking proactive steps can significantly impact kidney health and overall well-being.