Protecting Skin Health on the Job, With Deborah Sarnoff, M.D.

Skin cancer is the most common cancer in the United States, and outdoor workers are at significantly greater risk due to their prolonged exposure to the sun. Roughly 45 million Americans work outdoors, and globally about 1.6 billion people are regularly exposed to harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays. In an interview with The Educated Patient, Deborah S. Sarnoff, M.D., president of The Skin Cancer Foundation, explains that sun damage is cumulative — it occurs not just on sunny days but also on cloudy days, since UV rays penetrate through clouds. Studies suggest that outdoor workers face about a 60% higher risk of developing skin cancer, especially basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, the two most common forms.

Myths About Skin Cancer and Sun Protection

Sarnoff stresses that skin cancer is often underestimated. A common myth is that “it’s just skin cancer” and not life-threatening. In reality, melanoma and certain types of squamous cell carcinoma can spread throughout the body and be deadly.

Another misconception is that only fair-skinned individuals are at risk — any skin tone can develop skin cancer, and risk is linked to sun exposure, not just sunburns. Additional myths include believing that sunscreen is unsafe, that sunburns are the only danger, or that protection isn’t needed on cloudy days. In truth, sunscreens are U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved and safe, cumulative exposure matters even without burns, and UV rays are still present when skies are overcast.

Protection Strategies for Outdoor Workers

Sarnoff emphasizes that prevention is both possible and essential. Workers should wear wide-brimmed hats, UV-protective clothing (UPF-rated, dark, tightly woven fabrics), and wraparound sunglasses. Scheduling work before 10 a.m. or after 4 p.m., when UV rays are weaker, can reduce risk. Shade breaks under tents or trees are also beneficial. Most importantly, sunscreen of at least SPF 50 should be applied to exposed skin and reapplied every two hours, especially when sweating.

Importance of Early Detection

Early detection not only saves lives but also prevents disfigurement from surgery. Warning signs include any new, changing or unusual skin lesions. Sarnoff advises patients to promptly see a board-certified dermatologist, who can often determine concerns with a dermatoscope or a small biopsy. Immediate appointments should be requested for suspicious spots.

Advocacy and Awareness

The Skin Cancer Foundation runs initiatives like Destination Healthy Skin, a nationwide RV program offering free skin screenings. The foundation also provides resources to educate both workers and employers about sun safety. Ultimately, sun protection should become a daily routine because prevention and vigilance can save lives.