Wildfire Smoke Can Be a Silent Trigger for Heart Problems

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As smoke from Canadian wildfires continues to drift into the U.S., the American Heart Association (AHA) is warning that the health risks go far beyond breathing problems — wildfire smoke can also significantly increase the risk of heart disease, heart attacks and stroke. Several studies have found that exposure to fine particulate matter in wildfire smoke can trigger serious cardiovascular events, especially among people with existing heart conditions or risk factors.

“While breathing problems and respiratory health dangers are often considered the biggest health impact from wildfire smoke, it’s important to recognize the impact on cardiovascular health as well,” said Keith Churchwell, M.D., FAHA, AHA volunteer president, an associate clinical professor of medicine at Yale School of Medicine and adjunct associate professor of medicine at the Vanderbilt School of Medicine.

Research presented at the AHA’s 2023 Scientific Sessions revealed that short-term spikes in air pollution from wildfire smoke were linked to same-day hospitalizations for chest pain in Utah.

Other studies have shown that heavy smoke exposure increases the risk of cardiac arrest by up to 70%, particularly among adults aged 35 to 64 years and people in lower-income communities. Emergency room visits for heart attacks, strokes, irregular heart rhythms and heart failure have also surged following wildfire smoke exposure — with adults over 65 facing the highest risks.

“Wildfire smoke contains a lot of pollutants including fine, microscopic particles linked to cardiovascular risk,” Churchwell stressed. “As these fires continue to burn, that contaminated smoke is traveling many miles beyond the immediately affected area.”

The AHA encourages everyone to know the signs of a heart attack or stroke, including chest discomfort; shortness of breath; pain in the arms, neck or jaw; and unusual fatigue or dizziness. If you experience these symptoms, call 911 immediately. Quick action can save lives — and knowing CPR can more than double a person’s chance of surviving cardiac arrest.

To protect yourself and your loved ones from smoke exposure:

• Stay indoors and keep windows and doors shut.
• Use high-efficiency air filters or portable air cleaners.
• Avoid strenuous activities outdoors.
• Stay hydrated.
• If your home lacks air conditioning and becomes too hot, consider relocating to a cooler indoor space.
• Don’t forget your pets — they can also suffer from smoke exposure.

“While these types of wildfires and the extent of their smoke reach can’t always be predicted, protecting yourself and your family from poor air quality throughout the year is something to consider,” Churchwell said in the statement.

The most effective way to reduce indoor particulate matter — by up to 50% to 60% — is to use portable air cleaners. As they are relatively inexpensive ($50 to $200), this method is highly recommended.

You can monitor your local air quality at AirNow.gov by entering your ZIP code. Local health departments may also issue alerts during high-smoke events. Churchwell encourages people to visit the site regularly, particularly if you are seeing signs of wildfire smoke and haze in your community.

While wildfires may seem far away, their effects on heart health can be immediate and serious. Stay informed, take precautions, and visit the AHA’s website for tools and resources to help protect your cardiovascular health.

“Protect yourself, be alert and prepared,” Churchwell emphasized.